Halo and Mirage Demonstrations in Atmospheric Optics
Laboratory experiments and demonstrations obvi- ously complement observations and theoretical ap- proaches in meteorological optics. Recently an extensive summary of demonstrations of rainbows, halos, and mirages was given. 1 The present paper discusses some additional demonstrations of halos and mirages. 2. Mirage Experiments A. Superior Mirages: Dispersion Effects An easy experimental demonstration of superior mi- rages consists of preparing a layer of fresh water above a saturated saltwater solution in a water tank and observing objects through the water tank. 1–3 Alternatively, systems of sugar solutions work well, 4 and also a temperature gradient, produced in the surface layer of water by infrared lamps above the surface, proved successful. 5 With these methods it is possible to demonstrate vertical stretching or com- pression as well as multiple-image mirages. In ad- dition, the influence of turbulence can be studied. With the same setup it is also possible to observe colorful effects from black-and-white objects. The object consists of the words Fata Morgana, printed in black on a piece of white cardboard with two colored tops at the sides. [via]
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